There are indications, however, that detailed exploration work in the middle benue could. View academics in structural geology of lower benue trough of nigeria on academia. Adripping water deposited minerals, creating thousands of stalagmites and stalactites. The newark rift basin contains triassic and jurassic rocks deposited in a large sedimentary basin that formed during the breakup of pangea, the giant continent. Its lower part is ductily deformed, while the upper units of the shale at each outcrop become brittle and welljointed with vertical fractures. The niger delta at the southern end of the benue trough has been building out into the atlantic since the. Use of modelling approach in evaluation of fractured shale aquifers for irrigation purpose. Although it is less steep than a trench, a trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. The mechanism of the formation of the trough dominated most of the early studies carried out in the area and, although, still controversial, an unstable rrf riftrift fault triple junction model leading to plate dilation and the opening of the gulf of guinea benkhelil, 1989. The thermal history of the lower benue trough is characterized by two major episodes. The study area which is located in the southeastern part of. Rapid formation of a modern bedrock canyon by a single. The trough is arbitrarily divided into lower, middle and upper regions, and the upper region is further divided into the gongola and yola arms.
In geology, a trough is a linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance. Speculation of cenomanian hiatus in the southern and central benue trough was stalled by recognition of many deposits of this age along the entire length of the trough from south to north. Geology and stratigraphy of middle cretaceous sequences northeast of afikpo basin, lower benue trough, nigeria. Introduction the benue trough is a linear northeast african. Madu and ozibo 072 then sub tributaries flow from an elevated plain of about 600ft above sea level, which serves as the main water divide of the area.
The area has been given less attention with regards to geological studies than the other parts of the lower benue trough or the middle benue trough. Sediment supply was mainly along drainage systems that followed two failed rift arms, the benue and bida basins. Pdf the geology and geochemistry of zona uranium occurrence. Abstract the airborne gravity anomalies interpretation of the lower and middle benue trough of nigeria have carried out. In contrast, some of the most spectacular canyons on earth and mars were probably carved.
Implications for hydrocarbon exploration authors jamiudeen kayode raji department of petroleum engineering and geosciences, petroleum training institute, effurun, delta state ademola olabisi j. Introduction the benue trough is a unique rift feature on the african continent in that it occupies an. The benue trough is a major geological structure underlying a large part of nigeria and extending about 1,000 km northeast from the bight of benin to lake chad. A model for the tectonic evolution of the benue trough of. The early cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the study area and the outcropping and. Estimating the thickness of sedimentation within lower benue.
The 1ge geology vocabulary 516 agreed defined terms, definitions and parentchild relations. The benue trough is a known metallogenic province ford 1981 with the following mineral districts namely. The mapped area has three drainage basins which are separated by water divide. Fonstad2 deep river canyons are thought to form slowly over geological time see, for example, ref. For water years 1985, 1986 and 1987 the average recharge for 10 sites in the southwest uplands was 303, 106 and 360 mm year respectively. The geology of lower benue trough is associated with the tectonic activities. Mangroves among the most carbonrich forests in the tropics. The niger delta clastic wedge continued to prograde during middle cretaceous time into a depocenter located above the collapsed continental margin at the site of the triple junction.
The benue trough is a major geological structure underlying a large part of nigeria and. These features often form at the rim of tectonic plates. Lower benue, trough introduction the benue trough is an intracratonic rift trending southwestnortheast from about latitude 60n near the gulf of guinea to about latitude 100n south of the chad basin. We mapped the amplitude of the nankai trough subduction thrust seismic reflection from the trench into the seismogenic zone with threedimensional seismic reflection data. The benue trough was formed at the same time in the lower cretaceous as the opening of the gulf of guinea and represents the continental prolongation of equatorial oceanic fracture zones along. The lower benue trough is the southern portion of the benue trough that is believed to have originated as a failed arm of an aulacogen at the time of the.
Specifically, from ad 19 to 2000 the lower metalimnion. Abstractunderstanding the causes of slope development, particularly the initiation of movement, requires knowledge of a set of factors, usually associated with groundwater, that are often difficult to determine. The study area covers the lower benue trough, the upper part of anambra basin, and the basement complexes bounding it at the west and northern edges. Numerical model of generating of the surface that borders a. Niger delta are associated with deltas built across the lower reaches of the benue trough. Petroleum source rock potential of the upper benue trough, nigeria. The benue trough probably provided the major link between the mediterranean tethys ocean and gulf of guinea via the lullmedden and chad basins, during upper cretaceous times. Use of modelling approach in evaluation of fractured shale.
The latetwentiethcentury drop in primary production in tanganyika may have contributed1 to. Although these particular deltas do not extend up the benue depression, deltas of similar age may have been built in the lower reaches of the bida basin and yola trough and could contain coal deposits. It constitutes a topographic low bounded by normal faults and filled by lavas and sediments less than 5ma. Tectonic and sedimentation framework of the lower benue. Geological survey purchased the license for the digital data used in this investigation from seismic exchange inc. The view is toward the north along the intrusive contact between the cretaceous dark tower granodiorite, on the right, and the. Groundwater hydrology and salinity in a valley in northeast. Evolution of the nankai trough decollement from the trench. In the lower benue trough depths of the intrusive range from 3. Geology and stratigraphy of middle cretaceous sequences.
Geology of parts of gboko and makurdi local government areas, benue state, nigeria. A wellarmed field party, mapping the geology of weathertop, in the southeastern bree greek quadrangle. In the lower benue trough of southeastern nigeria, leadzincbarium mineralization occurs as widely distributed epigenetic fracturecontrolled vein deposits. Pdf analytical data suggest a close link between ferruginization and enrichment of uranium. Geology and mineral resources of the lower benue trough. Proterozoic to plestocenerecent sediments are observed. Magnetic exploration of the upper and lower benue trough. There are various oceanic troughs, troughs found under oceans. The middle benue trough which is of particular interest in this project work encompasses the study area located in abuni and its environs awe local government of nasarawa state. It can be inferred therefore, that most of the present tectonic elements in the lower benue trough were probably formed during the well documented santonian teconism murat 1972, burke etal.
Recharge estimation the hydrographs were analysed to estimate recharge using a specific yield of 0. Academics in structural geology of lower benue trough of. Analysis of highresolution aeromagnetic hram data of lower benue trough, southeastern nigeria, for hydrocarbon potential evaluation. Ac kno wledgmen ts i w as honored that dr byron t apley accepted. W paralic arenaceous foraminifera from the upper cretaceous of the benue trough, nigeria.
The middle benue trough although some sections of the middle benue area have been mapped, most of what is known as the middle benue trough still remains unmapped in any detail. The benue trough was formed at the same time in the lower cretaceous as the opening of the gulf of. Lidar provides highly accurate, representative data of natural fractures at the surface that can improve subsurface models leading to more realistic reservoir characterization. Geology of parts of gboko and makurdi local government areas. Adebowale department of petroleum engineering and geosciences, petroleum. Based on the results of a detailed magnetic study of the lower and middle benue trough of nigeria carried out by the author and results of previous geophysical studies of the benue trough and of similar structures elsewhere in the world, a possible model for the tectonic evolution of the benue trough has been developed. Stratigraphic report of the middle benue trough, nigeria. Mangroves among the most carbonrich forests in the tropics daniel c. Durham etheses a highresolution wideangle seismic study.
Petroleum source rock potential of the upper benue trough. The decollement thrust forms within the lithologically homogeneous lower shikoku basin facies along an initially nonreflective interface. Analysis of highresolution aeromagnetic hram data of. Existing conditions 1 geology the project site is located within the newark basin physiographic province. If further access to these data is needed, please contact sei. Interpretation of gravity anomaly of parts of lower and. Durham etheses a highresolution wideangle seismic study of. Brief mention is, however, made to the upper benue for comparative and correla tive purposes. A first phase albian is related to the emplacement of volcanic and. Interpretation of gravity anomaly of parts of lower and middle benue trough, nigeria.
The bida basin is a shallow unfaulted arm of the benue trough. Kidd, institute of oceanographic sciences, wormley2 abstract dsdp site 610 is on the crest of the feni ridge sediment drift in the southern rockall trough. Cretaceous stratigraphy of the middle and lower benue trough figure i is a map of the geology of the benue trough region of nigeria. Stratigraphic evolution of the benue trough and its. The lower benue trough in aptiansantonian times was therefore a simple rift with faster subsidence at the southern end fig. Contrasting styles of leadzincbarium mineralization in the lower. The single degree of freedom block and spring model is a slider coupled by a spring to a loader plate representing the other. Caccording to geologists, the caverns rooms and passages were hollowed out over a period of 12,000 years. The lower benue trough is the southern portion of the benue trough that is believed to have originated as a failed arm of an aulacogen at the time of the opening of the south atlantic oceans during the separation of the african plate and the south american plate. Magnetic exploration of the upper and lower benue trough for. The spectrum of depositional environments represented in the bfnue trough ranges from fluvia.
The newark rift basin contains triassic and jurassic rocks deposited in a large sedimentary basin that formed during the. Purchase of an open document does not constitute license for republication in any form, nor does it allow web posting without prior written permission. The plateau is clearly confined by surrounding tectonic discontinuities. An aeromagnetic study of part of the upper benue trough, nigeria. Seismic characteristics in the middle benue trough were investigated at 39 acquisition stations seismic refraction method. Compressional movements occurred in the late albiancenomanian along the cigmr and during the santonian in the. To the northeast, the trough is terminated by the biu volcanics and the underlying basement rocks fig 1. Albian anambra anambra basin anomalies aptian aquifer ashaka limestone asu river group aulacogen awgu basalts basement beds. Cretaceous deformation, magmatism, and metamorphism in the. Afikpo is located in the southern benue trough, between the abakiliki anticlinorium running northeast and the cameroon line in. Geology of parts of gboko and makurdi local government.
Numerical model of generating of the surface that borders. Boone kauffman2, daniel murdiyarso3, sofyan kurnianto3, melanie stidham4 and markku kanninen5 mangrove forests occur along ocean coastlines throughout the tropics, and support numerous ecosystem services, including. The gongola basin arm of the upper benue trough is a ns trending arm of the km long benue trough. Sedimentologic summary, nankai trough sites 582 and 583, and japan trench site 5841 william t. The geology of the lower benue trough has been documented through the tectono. It is part of the broader west and central african rift system. The present account only places emphasis on the lower and middle benue trough. The stratigraphic correlations for the lower southwest, middle, and upper northeast benue is given in table 1 as presented by kogbe 1981a. Mapping of depth to bedrock in the middle lower benue trough.
Paleobiogeographic evidence and regional facies distribution in the sahara and northeast benue trough do not support an open connection between the late cretaceous saharan sea and the benue trough. Source rock potential and thermal maturity of the upper benue rift basins. Mineralisation, paragenesis, brecciation, lower benue, trough introduction the benue trough is an intracratonic rift trending southwestnortheast from about latitude 60n near the gulf of guinea to about latitude 100n south of the chad basin. The benue trough of nigeria figure 1a is an intracontinental basin in central west africa that extends ne to sw. Coulbourn, hawaii institute of geophysics, university of hawaii2 abstract hemipelagic olive gray mud blankets both areas drilled during dsdp leg 87 of the glomar challenger. The benue trough of nigeria formed as a result of series of tectonism and repetitive sedimentation in the cretaceous time when south america separated from africa. Evolution of gongola basin upper benue trough northeastern.
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